South Africas Foreign Policy And National Security...

Introduction: In this paper, I will explain South Africa’s foreign policy and national security concerns over the ongoing conflict in Syria. In order to understand how Syria developed into its current state, I will then provide an overview of the history of the country. The history will begin at the end of World War I after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and will then continue through French control and the subsequent uprising. It will then proceed on to World War II, the founding of the Baath Party, and the joining of the United Arab Republic. As the overview approaches the 21st century, I will briefly cover the rise of Assad, the war with Israel, and the uprising in Hama. Lastly, I will cover the Assad succession, tensions with the United States, and on through the nationwide uprising of 2011. In the next section of this paper, I will cover South Africa’s foreign policy concerns with Syria including statements they have made and their general feelings and opinions of the ongoing situation. Next, I will elaborate on South Africa’s foreign policies regarding Syria. This section will include what intervention they advocate, their policies on refugees, and their overall belief of what should be done about the conflict. Finally, the paper will draw to a close with a conclusion concerning what should be done about the conflict in Syria. Background to the Problem: The history of the contemporary state now known as Syria began with The Sykes-Picot Agreement between the FrenchShow MoreRelatedThe Tumultuous Past of South Sudan1773 Words   |  7 PagesSUMMARY: South Sudan has had a tumultuous past, with two civil wars since before the region’s independence; these resulted in the serious neglect, lack of development – infrastructure – and major destruction of property and displacement of peoples. It seceded from Sudan on 30th January 2011. The new state was plagued by farther rebellions, tribal clashes and border conflict with the Sudan – this conflict was resolved through mediation supported by the African union. The current conflict broke outRead MoreGlobalization and its effect on the South African economy and the JSE securities exchange9415 Words   |  38 Pageseconomy. 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Sula by Toni Morrison - 1378 Words

Q. Discuss how many characters describe Sula’s birthmark which looks different to several people in The Bottom. Does the birthmark reflect their fears or dreams? How so? Lots of people see Sula in different lights. Their relationship with her determines what they may see above her brow. Most of her relatives and her best friend Nel see a rose. Shadrack, the town crazy, sees a tadpole. Jude first sees a copperhead snake. How her birthmark ‘shifts’ depends on the mood and notions of the person viewing it. It has nothing at all to do with the content of Sula’s character, which so many folks believe to be evil. Sula’s birthmark is mostly seen as a long-stemmed rose. The rose is commonly a symbol for love and is revered for its†¦show more content†¦He may also see Sula as a temptress, a surefire poison that causes the death of his marriage to Nel. On the next page, Jude changes his tune a bit. â€Å"But thinking that Sula had an odd way of looking at things and that her wide smile took some of the sting from that rattlesnake over her eye. A funny woman, he thought, not bad-looking. But he could see why she wasnâ €™t married; she stirred a man’s mind maybe, but not his body.† (104) This thought process shows Jude coming around to the idea that Sula may not be so bad, after all. She shows intellect and that can be appealing, making her seem more tempting as a whole, regardless of her body. Although†¦thinking this and deciding Sula might be attractive means he’s tempted by her fruit and aroused by her somehow. Nel still sees a rose when she comes to visit a sick Sula, years after their friendship pushed pause. â€Å"For the first time in three years she would be looking at the stemmed rose that hung over the eye of her enemy†¦She would be facing the black rose that Jude had kissed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (138). Nel’s perception of Sula’s birthmark has not changed. She doesn’t see a snake or any other deviant creature. She still thinks of it as a beautiful, pure rose which suggests that Nel still feels there’s a kinship between them. Why else would she bother to visit Sula and see if she needsShow MoreRelated`` Sula `` By Toni Morrison1367 Words   |  6 Pagesand well rounded motif, developed throughout the enlightening 1973 novel, ‘Sula’, by Toni Morrison. As an important motif, sacrifice can be a difficult concept for many people to do themselves and as shown in this novel, the audience is shown how the act of sacrifice has both good and bad consequences. How the act of sacrifice can be done through love and have a positive outcome, but more often than not and most common in ‘Sula’ there are either personal ramifications regarding sacrifice, or outcomesRead MoreSula by Toni Morrison1529 Words   |  7 PagesSula by Toni Morrison, is a book about a black female and the various events throughout her life. The majority of these events were at the fault of Sula, but because of her past she did not know, or could not understand any better. Sula became the woman that she was because of the peopl e and events that were around her during her childhood. When Sula was a child, she grew up faster than most children because of the things that she saw and heard, so it was almost as if she had a loss of childhoodRead MoreTheme Of Sula By Toni Morrison1195 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Potter 5 September 2017 Paper 1 In Toni Morrison’s novel â€Å"Sula†, identity is a theme that is made evident through the struggles and experiences of certain characters. In chapter 1919, Morrison tells the story of World War II veteran Shadrack, through an omniscient narrator point of view. In doing so, the reader is able to clearly see how Shadrack himself processes what is going on around him, and how his identity is being shaped. Morrison introduces the character as the founder of NationalRead MoreEssay on Sula by Toni Morrison1521 Words   |  7 PagesSula by Toni Morrison In the novel Sula, by Toni Morrison we follow the life of Sula Peace through out her childhood in the twenties until her death in 1941. The novel surrounds the black community in Medallion, specifically the bottom. By reading the story of Sula’s life, and the life of the community in the bottom, Morrison shows us the important ways in which families and communities can shape a child’s identity. Sula not only portrays the way children are shaped, but also the way that aRead MoreThe Novel Sula By Toni Morrison1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel Sula was written by Toni Morrison in 1973. The book was written around the time of many controversies including racism and women’s rights. It tells the story of Sula Peace and how she handles the many situations in her life. She has many trials and tribulations when it comes to her family and also her peers. She has many different types of conversations, which all of them basically end with Sula making them mad or even conf used. The novel talks about the battle between good vs evil. ItRead MoreIdentity, By Toni Morrison s Sula1441 Words   |  6 PagesIdentity is a major theme in Toni Morrison’s Sula. Scholars discuss the different identities that the characters possess, but tend to fail to mention character development or lack of character development. Character development or lack thereof is usually an important literary move in most writing. This development provides a deeper understanding of characters in addition to a deeper understanding of themes throughout the literature. Sula focuses mainly on the lives of Sula and Nel, which makes trackingRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula980 Words   |  4 Pageswho find themselves questioning. For there are choices and risks in every relationship. There are good and evil in each and everyone. In this time it is the 1900s set in Medallion, Ohio. Toni Morrison s Sula takes readers on a journey through pillars, betrayals and tragedies surround ing two girls; Nel Wright and Sula Peace. The Bottom originated from a master and a slave. After some arduous tasks, the slave was given a piece of land on top of the hills. This is where the black community settle onRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1631 Words   |  7 PagesFor Sula Peace and Nel Wright, in Sula, defining oneself in a pool of racism and varying moral standards is by no means challenging. Through a vivid and consistent emphasis of color and physical appearance, author Toni Morrison effectively outlines Sula and Nel’s attempts to comprehend and create their personal identities separate from the own mothers’ influences. Based on their situations, it appears that anyone can easily alter their character and self to fit their desires. However, Morrison ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1906 Words   |  8 PagesSula is written by Noble Prize winner in Literature, Toni Morrison. Morrison’s novels are known for their epic themes, dramatic dialogue, and opulently detailed characters. This novel contains originality and overflows with problematic situations that take place during the time after World War I. Sula opens up in a town called Bottom, which is mostly occupied by African Americans. This town is positioned, in the hills above the mostly white, wealthier community of Medallion, Ohio. This town hasRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two girls share as a result of their juvenescence--or does it? In Toni Morrison s Sula, this scene, among others, appears at first to be both irrelevant to the novel’s underlying theme and out of place with regard to the rest of the plot. Yet, when analyzed further, the literary devices that Morrison uses in these scenes bring readers to a vastly different conclusion. These scenes serve as windows into the mind of Morrison and even into the larger themes present in the text. So, perhaps two girls

Advantages of Social Network Sites-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business. Answer: Introduction Social media has a great impact in todays world and it has been adopted all over the world as the new trend in promoting businesses. There has been a tremendous growth in a number of social media such as Facebook and twitter which have captured a number of users all over the world just in a few years. The rapid growth of technology is a sign that many people are definitely gaining on its benefits. It has since become part and parcel of human life and its not only used by the developed nations but also the underdeveloped has come to understand the power of social media in bettering their lives. However, every good thing has its own disadvantages and social media is not an exception. It has really affected the society in a negative way despite its importance. This therefore means that the use of social media is on our hands and it is upon every user to use it to its advantage. Billions of shillings are spent in broadcasting corporation by the Australian government and this is a clear i ndication of its vastness and the need of it to be noticed whether its effects positively or negatively impact the users of social media in Australia. This study therefore tries to conduct a research on the advantages and disadvantages of using social network in business in Australia. Project Objective It is evident that there are a number of channels that can be used in promoting businesses such as social media which envelops Facebook, twitter, LinkedIn, instar gram, pinterest and many others (Arregle et al., 2007). This study therefore tries to solve certain mystery to achieve the following objectives. To examine the contribution of social network sites on the performance level of businesses. To unlock the advantages and disadvantages of social network sites on the performance level of businesses. To come up with better strategies on how to effectively utilize social network sites for the success of a business. Project Scope In the western countries, social media acts as one of the strongest power of all. It is seen as the most reliable source and the fastest means of promoting a companys business in Australia. Adequate information on the advantages and disadvantages of social network on the performance level of businesses will be gathered from the literature review. Literature review Concept of Social Networks in Business The world is a small village when it comes to modern technology. Social network sites are no exception as they define the web-based services, which allow people to share their common interests with others on the same social network platform. They enhance an organizations advertisement effectiveness; marketers can use this platform as a perfect opportunity to promote their brands. The mostly used social network sites are Facebook, Instagram, Google+, Twitter and YouTube(Baltar Brunet, 2012). Empirical Evidences in Relation to Social Networks in Business According to Bwire (2016), there is an increasing popularity of social media sites among the consumers of Australia. There is however a sizeable gap between the social networking strategies of Australia business and behavior of the customers.27% small scale businesses use social network sites, whereas 34% medium scale businesses use social network sites for promoting their brand value (Carney, 2005). Figure 1: Social Network Usage in Australian Businesses (Source: Carney 2005) Influence of Social Networks on Consumer Buying Pattern Actions have consequences; positive or negative. Over the past few decades, the shopping pattern of the customers has shown a massive change. Customers are now more inclined towards searching for information regarding their required products and services online (Cho et al., 2007). Advantage of Social Networks on performance level of Business Enhancing Brand Image Gabby and Leenders (1999) noted that social network sites increase brand exposure to the new and potential customers thus enhancing the familiarity of the brands to the existing customers. Insights about Customer Preferences Social networking sites can access ample amount of data about the customers in real time, Greve and Salaff (2003). They can gather enormous amount of information about the customers in regards to brand preferences, suggestions, challenges and dislikes. This propagates active engagement between an organization and its customers. Increasing Search Ranking and Traffic Website Organizations post advertisements on social network sites, which mostly contain high quality contents, Shriver, Jenkins (2009). Such high quality contents increase the targeted keywords for the organizations therefore increasing the traffic website in online platform, which enhances brand presence. New Business Opportunities Social network sites undoubtedly form a basis for new business opportunities and amelioration of existing business enterprises. Through the feedbacks gotten from consumers, organizations improve their brands as per core business preferences. Therefore, organizations can find new and improved business opportunities for gaining high level of business performance. Increasing Competitive Advantage It is important for business enterprises to gain a competitive edge against over their competitors. This helps save the organization advertisement costs thus reducing the organizations overall cost. Reduced organizational cost facilitates the organization towards achieving cost leadership and gaining competitive advantage. Improved Customer Service Efficient customer service and relations form part of the backbone of a business. The feedback received from the customers should help organizations in gaining deep customer insights thus the knowledge of customer preferences, dissatisfaction and suggestions regarding particular products and services. (Sledgianowski and Kulviwat (2009) pointed out that such customer feedbacks facilitate the organizations aligning their business model with specific preferences of the customers. Disadvantage of Social Networks on performance level of Business Negative Feedback Just as there exists two sides of coin, so is there two sides of a business; Positive feedbacks shared by consumers encourage other customers as well as the organization. However, there are also negative feedbacks shared by consumers on the social network sites which are discouraging to the customers as well as the organization. Time Investment and Hidden Cost Time is a critical factor when it comes to business ventures. Wright (2005) opined that the organizations may need to invest huge time in posting attractive product information, interacting with customers and receiving feedbacks from the customers. All these activities will definitely require ample and valuable time of the organization. This may however increase an organization's overall cost. Legal Risk Business ventures attract a myriad of risks. Social network sites can result to organizations facing legal risks since there are rules and laws governing the use of social networks for any form of use or purpose. Proper Usage of Social Network Sites Organizations should put in place an efficient team that exclusively deals with the usage of social network sites. This will ensure effective management of the platform right from the selection of the most viable social network platform which is cut out to facilitate business growth of the organization, to the posting of highly attractive advertisement content and finally the efficient handling of feedback both positive and negative on the social network sites (Picazo-Vela et al., 2012). Gap of the Literature Every literature research is bound to face some limitations which would question the quality of the ultimate research outcome. This literature review is of no exception since it has some limitations. Time limitation towards the collection of authentic information from adequate secondary sources about the research topic is one of the challenges. Budgetary issues cant be ignored as they form the basis of the research. Limited budget denied adequate access of secondary sources hence the lack of critical analysis and penetration in the literature review. Research Questions/Hypothesis Primary Question What are the advantage and disadvantage of using social network in business in an Australian context? Secondary Questions How to evaluate the level of social network in businesses? Do the advantages and the disadvantages of using social network in business affect the population of the country? The primary research presented in this study is our main objective of trying to find out the advantages and disadvantages of using social network in businesses. The sub questions are there to give support and sense to the main question. It therefore means that the questions provided and the literature reviews are a single entity. Research questions should be linked to Literature Problems, Gaps, and Hypothesis Research Design and Methodology The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of research design. Quantitative method was used to find out numbers of common traits among the respondents concerning characteristics related to and significant for the study (Sledgianowski Kulviwat, 2009). Some of these characteristics included the numbers that use social media for business purposes, the advantages and disadvantages that accrue after using social network in business, and how this affects their business. Qualitative research allowed for the description of respondents opinions. There was expected to be a varied degree of opinion perceptions and views of the respondents that were sampled. Since the study was mainly concerned with what the respondents think about the advantages and disadvantages of using social network in business qualitative approach gave more room for the interpretation of their ideas (Tsai Ghoshal, 1998). By the use of qualitative method, the study reviewed content pertinent to t he subject in focus. variables The study used two major variables to assist in the process of data analysis; dependent and independent variables. Wright (2005) says that an independent variable is used to predict the outcome of the dependent variable. In this study, advantages and disadvantages of using social network in business depends on what people use social media for. Depending on the use, social media platforms can either be disadvantagious or advantagious to the business success. Therefore, the pros and cons of using social network in business was the dependent variable that depends on what social medis is used for. Social Media use was the independent variable that directly influences the success of a business. Study population The physical research was conducted in the University of Queensland in Australia. The population of the country comprise of the young covering a larger percentage and the old. According to Zimer (1986), a population for study stands for the resident of a community about whom the study is. The study examined human behaviour online, and one of the characteristics of the online media space is that it is unpredictable and not necessarily restrictive according to any factors like age and gender. The study was hence non-restrictive according to age or gender. According to the statistics from Facebook, 69% of their users are aged between 18 and 29. The study targeted the average university students who fall within the same age bracket (Tsai Ghoshal, 1998). By their numbers, have a greater opinion in the social media space than any other age group. Sampling technique and sample size The study employed the use of purposive sampling techniques. Oliver (2012) says that purposive sampling is the type of sampling where the decisions about the subjects to be included in the research arrive at based upon a variety of criteria that may comprise the researchers knowledge of the area of research or willingness to participate in the research and capacity to carry out the research. The study sampled the subjects based on their characteristics relevant to the research. Methods of data collection The instrument for data collection was the use of questionnaires. The questionnaires contained both closed-ended, and open-ended kinds of questions for qualitative and quantitative data. The questionnaires were divided into four sections: section A, B, C and D. Section A had had the respondents bio data and section B to D contained the research questions. Some of the questionnaires were physically administered to the respondents for data collection and collected back afterward while others were mailed to the respondents. Research Limitations Limitations of research can be defined as the aspects involved in the research design or methodology that had an impact or in one way or another influenced the interpretations of the findings in research. They are a consequence of the decisions the researcher chose to do during the conduction of the research study including the method they used to establish validity. The generalization of the study in Australian context could limit the research results; it is therefore prudent to include different countries in the study to obtain better results. The researcher might come across limitations such as time constrains as well as uncooperative respondents. Other limitation can be as the result of lack of proper or thorough research on the topic, lack of available or reliable data, language barrier, cultural constrictions and measure used to collect the data. Time Schedule This research is supposed to run for a period of approximately 6 months. Activities outlined for the first month will include project planning through conducting stakeholder meetings, devising a networking plan and implementing a communication with potential key resource agents. The second month will be limited to data collection and data analysis through GIS, Microsoft Excel and other temporal database. Methodology assessment, prototype development, final interface development, and case study refinements and applications will be the main activities of the third month. The forth month will be limited to policy workshops, formulation of policy recommendations, and the drafting of the final report. Dissemination of the project recommendations and final report will occur on the fifth month. The projects financial report will also be drafted on the fifth month. The sixth month of the project will used to review the entire project and the making of necessary corrections and conclusion. Once the review is done, the project will be ready for submission. The given time frame will give the researcher ample time to collect data and fully analyse the study hence generating reliable findings and a viable conclusion. Conclusion While coming to the end of the study, it is evident the social network sites have a great impact on businesses either in a positive or a negative way on the level of customers. However, social networks can improve the advertising effectiveness of a companys brand instead of using a word of mouth. These sites therefore increase the brand exposure to customers hence increasing their market size. Moreover, feedbacks obtained on such sites concerning the products may help the organization to provide a mixed brand and customized business solution. However, when a certain brand receives negative feedback from customers, it may discourage other willing buyers from purchasing such products. It therefore means that business organization should maintain the use of social media in promoting their products. To achieve this, the business has to choose the social site that will enhance the growth of their business. The most important part is that the organization should be in a position to handle the negative feedback posted by customers on the social network References Wright, K.B., 2005. Researching Internet?based populations: Advantages and disadvantages of online survey research, online questionnaire authoring software packages, and web survey services. Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication, 10(3), pp.00-00. Greve, A. and Salaff, J.W., 2003. Social networks and entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 28(1), pp.1-22. Tsai, W. and Ghoshal, S., 1998. Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. Academy of management Journal, 41(4), pp.464-476. Carney, M., 2005. Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family?controlled firms. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(3), pp.249-265. Gabbay, S.M. and Leenders, R.T., 1999. CSC: The structure of advantage and disadvantage. In Corporate social capital and liability (pp. 1-14). Springer US. Sledgianowski, D. and Kulviwat, S., 2009. Using social network sites: The effects of playfulness, critical mass and trust in a hedonic context. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 49(4), pp.74-83. Zimmer, C., 1986. Entrepreneurship through social networks. The art and science of entrepreneurship. Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, pp.3-23 Venkatraman, N. and Ramanujam, V., 1986. Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison of approaches. Academy of management review, 11(4), pp.801-814. Baltar, F. and Brunet, I., 2012. Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. internet Research, 22(1), pp.57-74. Arregle, J.L., Hitt, M.A., Sirmon, D.G. and Very, P., 2007. The development of organizational social capital: Attributes of family firms. Journal of management studies, 44(1), pp.73-95. Cho, H., Gay, G., Davidson, B. and Ingraffea, A., 2007. Social networks, communication styles, and learning performance in a CSCL community. Computers Education, 49(2), pp.309-329. Picazo-Vela, S., Gutirrez-Martnez, I. and Luna-Reyes, L.F., 2012. Understanding risks, benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector. Government information quarterly, 29(4), pp.504-511. Jenkins, H., 2009. A business opportunitymodel of corporate social responsibility for small?and medium?sized enterprises. Business ethics: A European review, 18(1), pp.21-36.

Container Shipping Market free essay sample

Savannah and Port Everglades to their joint Europe-Ecuador service to cover the Europe-South US East Coast market. The service will continue to call at the Balboa hub in both directions to allow transhipment to other ports on the West Coast of South America. The rotation will be stretched to seven weeks, using 7 x 4,1324,872 TEU Panamaxes with high reefer capacity. SITC has placed an order for two 1,800 TEU containerships, with options for six more, from Taiwanese shipyard CSBC. This is the shipbuilder’s first order from a mainland Chinese company for more than 20 years. The firm vessels are priced at $23m each, and are scheduled for delivery in late 2014. Page 2 Licensed to The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Distribution is restricted; please remember to acknowledge the source. http://www. clarksons. net 12/05/2013 09:20:16 15304 M TEU 1. 25 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-12 Jan-13 According to the Shanghai Containerised Freight Index, spot rates for boxes shipped from Shanghai to Europe fell to th $940/TEU on the 12 April, their lowest level since February last year and a 34% fall since mid-March, as the ains made by the last round of general rate increases proved short-lived. We will write a custom essay sample on Container Shipping Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result of this market weakness, a number of carriers including Maersk Line and Hapag-Lloyd have postponed a second round of rate increases originally scheduled for mid-April. They will now be implemented during May. Elsewhere, freight rates for boxes shipped from Shanghai to the West Coast of America stood at $2,226/FEU, 3% below the full year 2012 average, and 11% below the January 2013 peak of $2,520/FEU. Clarkson Research Services Striking dockworkers at the Kwai Tsing Container Terminals in the port of Hong Kong caused significant disruption to a large number of liner services. Vessels faced 2-3 day berthing delays, while over 100,000 TEU of cargo was reportedly stuck on the quayside. Major carriers cancelled calls and diverted ships to other Pearl River ports such as Chiwan and Shekou, with shippers forced to tranship inbound cargo back to Hong Kong on Feeder vessels. March’s container throughput of 1. 88m TEU at the port represented an 8. 6% y-o-y decrease, yet the strike disruption is likely to affect April’s box handling volumes even more severely. Maersk Line is to increase the capacity of its India-Middle EastUS East Coast service with the replacement of 7 x 4,800 Panamax vessels with eight ships of 6,500 TEU the service turning in eight rather than seven weeks. An additional call at Algeciras will be made in both directions, while there will also be a degree of further slow steaming. The newly deployed vessels are expected to be reflagged to the US flag in order MSC is to launch a Far East-East Coast South America service using 11 x 3,000-5,000 TEU ships. The vessels include a number of Panamaxes reportedly chartered in at very low rates. The eleven week rotation will include a call in Port Elizabeth on the return leg with the first sailing is scheduled from Shanghai on the th 18 April. UASC is to enter the Far East-West Coast North America trade for the first time after agreeing to cooperate with CSCL on three separate Transpacific services. The Kuwaitheadquartered carrier will provide two Panamaxes for a service that calls in Seattle and Vancouver, and three for a Nansha-Los Angeles service. Idle Containership Fleet 12% 9% 6% 3% 0% Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 % of total fleet capacity, TEU Source: CRSL, AXS Licensed to The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Distribution is restricted; please remember to acknowledge the source. http://www. clarksons. net 12/05/2013 09:20:16 15304 According to data reported by Alphaliner, the total containership capacity in lay-up reached 0. 83m TEU on th 25 March, with 269 vessels sitting idle. This is equivalent to 5. 1% of the fleet in terms of capacity. Over Q1 2013 the proportion of total capacity in lay-up fluctuated between 4. 6% and 5. 3%, while across full year 2012 an average of 4. 1% of capacity was idle. Briskly expanding consumer demand in emerging economies should promote strong development of North-South trades, which are projected to grow by 6. 0% this year. Meanwhile, intra-regional trade is expected to grow by 7. 6% in full year 2013, with intra-Asian trade growth remaining the powerhouse. Global container capable supply growth is expected to be broadly in balance with global demand growth in 2013. Carriers will continue to dampen actual running capacity growth on the mainlanes in an effort to support freight rates. Managing the capacity cascade will remain rucial in determining trade lane supply, while further slow steaming may continue to absorb some of the capacity growth. However, the volume of idle tonnage is likely to continue to supress earnings in the charter market. Meanwhile, demolition remains at elevated levels. In conjunction with the paucity of ordering, this rapid rate of scrapping has resulted in a shrinking fleet in the smaller size sectors. Overall, while supp ly growth may accelerate slightly this year, the orderbook schedule for 2014+ delivery still looks relatively thin.

Raja Rao Essay Example

Raja Rao Essay Raja Rao From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search There are many people with the name Raja Rao. For instance, there might be an other raja rao with other famous accomplishments. Please do not consider this as though THIS Raja Rao is not famous but ther might be other famous people with the name. Please continue to read this article. Raja Rao (Kannada: ) (November 8, 1908 – July 8, 2006) was an Indian writer of English language novels and short stories, whose works are deeply rooted in Hinduism. Raja Raos semi-autobiographical novel, The Serpent and the Rope (1960), is a story of a search for spiritual truth in Europe and India. It established him as one of the finest Indian stylists. Contents[hide] * 1 Early life and career * 2 Nationalist Novelist * 3 Later years * 4 Notes * 5 Bibliography * 6 Web References * 7 External links| [edit] Early life and career Raja Rao was born on November 8, 1908 in Hassan, in the state of Mysore (now Karnataka) in South India, into a well-known Brahmin (Hoysala Karnataka) family. He was the eldest of nine siblings two brothers and seven sisters. His native language was Kannada, but his post-graduate education was in France, and all his publications in book form have been in English. His father taught Kannada at Nizams College in what was then Hyderabad State. The death of his mother, when he was four, left a lasting impression on the novelist the absence of a mother and orphanhood are recurring themes in his work . Another influence from early life was his grandfather, with whom he stayed in Hassan and Harihalli. Rao was educated at Muslim schools, the Madarsa-e-Aliya in Hyderabad and the Aligarh Muslim University, where he became friends with Ahmed Ali. We will write a custom essay sample on Raja Rao specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Raja Rao specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Raja Rao specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He began learning French at the University. After matriculation in 1927, Rao returned to Hyderabad and studied for his degree at Nizams College. After graduation from Madras University, having majored in English and History, he won the Asiatic Scholarship of the Government of Hyderabad in 1929, for study abroad. Rao moved to the University of Montpellier in France. He studied French language and literature, and later at the Sorbonne in Paris, he explored the Indian influence on Irish literature. He married Camille Mouly, who taught French at Montpellier, in 1931. The marriage lasted until 1939. Later he depicted the breakdown of their marriage in The Serpent and the Rope. Rao published his first stories in French and English. During 1931-32 he contributed four articles written in Kannada for Jaya Karnataka, an influential journal. [edit] Nationalist Novelist Returning to India in 1939, he edited with Iqbal Singh, Changing India, an anthology of modern Indian thought from Ram Mohan Roy to Jawaharlal Nehru. He participated in the Quit India Movement of 1942. In 1943-1944 he coedited with Ahmed Ali a journal from Bombay called Tomorrow. He was the prime mover in the formation of a cultural organization, Sri Vidya Samiti, devoted to reviving the values of ancient Indian civilization; this organization failed shortly after inception. In Bombay, he was also associated with Chetana, a cultural society for the propagation of Indian thought and values. Raos involvement in the nationalist movement is reflected in his first two books. The novel Kanthapura (1938) was an account of the impact of Gandhis teaching on non-violent resistance against the British. The story is seen from the perspective of a small Mysore village in South India. Rao borrows the style and structure from Indian vernacular tales and folk-epic. Rao returned to the theme of Gandhism in the short story collection The Cow of the Barricades (1947). In 1998 he published Gandhis biography Great Indian Way: A Life of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1988 he received the prestigious International Neustadt Prize for Literature. The Serpent and the Rope was written after a long silence during which Rao returned to India. The work dramatized the relationships between Indian and Western culture. The serpent in the title refers to illusion and the rope to reality. 1] Cat and Shakespeare (1965) was a metaphysical comedy that answered philosophical questions posed in the earlier novels. [edit] Later years Rao relocated to the United States and taught at the University of Texas at Austin from 1966 to 1983, when he retired as Emeritus Professor. Courses he taught included Marxism to Gandhism, Mahayana Buddhism, Indian philosophy: The Upanishads, Indian philosophy: The Metaphy sical Basis of the Male and Female Principle. In 1965, he married Katherine Jones, an American stage actress. They have one son, Christopher Rama. In 1986, after his divorce rom Katherine, Rao married his third wife, Susan, whom he met when she was a student at the University of Texas in the 1970s. Rao died on July 8, 2006 at Austin, Texas, at the age of 97. [2] [3] [4] USE OF INDIAN SENSIBILITY IN RAJA RAOS NOVEL: Indian Method of Story-telling: The method of describing of the novel is characteristically Indian. The Indian grandmother can be considered to be the earliest and most typical of story tellers. Achkka is the storyteller of the novel, who is just like a grandmother. She tells the story to every new comer to Kanthapura. According to Raja Rao, â€Å"Achakka’s exceedingly long sentences, use of blanks, and expressions like ‘this’ and ‘that’, ‘here and there’ are meaningful. She gives us complete character-sketch of Sankar, Bhatt and Rangamma. They are very much informative, as well as vital for the narrative. In this way, one episode leads to another, and so the tale tends to be interminably long. This also makes the narration episodic. There are so many episodes in the novel. Thus, the narration is characterized by verbosity and garrulity, which are the features of the Indian folklore. Raja Rao wanted to stress this admired tradition. As a result he didn’t feel it necessary to divide the novel into chapters. In his Foreword to Kanthapura Raja Rao clarifies that the novel is to be judged with reference to the conventional Indian tradition and not with reference to Western methods of story-telling and theories and of the novel writing. Use of Religion: Indian philosophy is basically religious and even politics is also spiritualized in India. India’s so many prominent social reformers and political leaders were great religious figures. In India, communal and political goals have been attained with the help of spiritual activities. The same thing happens in the novel, in the case of Gandhi and his freedom struggle. According to a Narsimhaiah, â€Å"there are at least three strands of experience in the novel: the political, the religious and the social. † To the uneducated villagers, Kenchamma is a kind and helpful goddess. Their attitude is extremely religious. As the story progresses the three threads of experience become one: the religious, social and political issues become one and the same. Theme of Shakti Worship: Shakti-worship is a basically Indian theme and it is present throughout the novel. In this Gandhian freedom struggle, the ladies of the Kanthapura play a key role. The author has painted them as energetic forms of Shakti. It can be said that Indian women are solid as rock, and they can easily bear the pain. Shakti(energy) rises in them, and each of them is inspired at a particular time. One noticeable thing in the novel is that in the last phase of nonviolent struggle, it is a lady named Ratna, who takes over from Moorthy and leads the movement. Use of Indian similes, maxims and Idioms: Raja Rao is master in using Indian similes, proverbs and idioms in his writing. He uses Indian maxims and similes to create an awareness of peasants. In most of his works, he hadn’t used â€Å"Babu English†. He makes use of English words according to his demands. The language of the novel is flooded with the Indian phrases, Indian similes and rustic color. You can find so many sentences in the novel that are exactly translated from Kannada into English. Sometimes, there is breaking up of the English syntax to express emotional disturbances and feelings. Many words are taken from local Indian languages. The author has used them ‘as they are’. He didn’t feel it necessary to translate them into English. In the novel, you can get words likeAhimsa, Dhoti, Harikatha, Mandap etc. Raja Rao has repeatedly used village proverbs, and folklores according to his requirement. For example, (1) Every squirrel has his day, (2) our hearts beat like the wings of bats, (3) and yet he was as honest as an elephant, (4) the youngest is always the holy bull, (5) does a boar stand before a lion or a jackal before an elephant? Likewise, you can find so many proverbs and sayings from the language of illiterate people in the novel. For example: (1) The policemen are not your uncle’s sons, (2) the first daughter milks the cow when the mother is ill, (3) saw you like a rat on your mother’s lap, (4) there is neither man nor mosquito in Kanthapura (5) you cannot straighten a dog’s tail, (6) land, lust and wifely loyalty go badly together. Sometimes Raja Rao doesn’t hesitate to use a rude and offensive language of the villagers. He uses this type of language when it is necessary. Though, his use of this type of language is more controlled and sensible. [edit] Notes 1. Nobel laureate Czeslaw Milosz published his only poem in the English language for Raja Rao. 2. He was awarded Indias third highest civilian award, Padma Bhushan in 1969. 3. A new novel, Daughter of the Mountain, is to be published in 2008. 4. In January 2007, it was announced that Raja Rao has been selected to receive the Padma Vibhushan Indias second highest civilian award. edit] Bibliography Fiction * Kanthapura, 1938 (reprint ISBN 0-8371-9573-X) * The Cow of the Barricades, and Other Stories, 1947 * The Serpent and the Rope, 1960 (ISBN 0-87951-220-2; reprint ISBN 0-8371-8437-1) * The Cat and Shakespeare  : A Tale of India, 1965 * Comrade Kirilov, 1976 * The Policeman and the Rose: Stories, 1978 * The Chessmaster and His Moves, 1988 (ISBN 81-7094-021-4) * On the Ganga Ghat, 1989 (ISBN 81-7094-050-8) * The Best of Raja Rao, 1998 (ISBN 81-855 86-81-0) Non-Fiction Changing India: An Anthology (edited with Iqbal Singh), 1939 * Whither India? (edited with Iqbal Singh), 1948 * The Meaning of India essays, 1996 (ISBN 81-7094-257-8) * The Great Indian Way: A Life of Mahatma Gandhi biography, 1998 (ISBN 81-7094-308-6) * Tomorrow, co-edited with Ahmed Ali, Bombay, 1943-44. Upcoming Work * Daughter of the Mountain (Volume 2 of the Chessmaster trilogy) to be published in 2008. * A Myrobalan in the Palm of Your Hand (Volume 3 of the Chessmaster trilogy).

How to Deal With Suckers and Watersprouts on Trees

How to Deal With Suckers and Watersprouts on Trees In horticulture, the terms  sucker  and  watersprout  refer  to vigorous new shoots that grow from root stock or dormant bud tissue on trunks and branches. They are mostly a problem on fruit trees and some types of landscape trees. Suckers and watersprouts may occur on any tree when the tree has experienced stressful conditions, such as drought, severe pruning, or loss of a limb.   Watersprouts vs. Suckers Watersprouts and suckers are similar, but not exactly the same. They differ primarily in their location on the tree. A sucker is effectively a new propagation of a tree, but one that originates at the basil root level rather than by a seed. Suckers typically sprout up from below ground level, or very near the ground. They grow up as an extension of the roots. On grafted trees, such as many fruit trees, the sucker will sprout up below the level of the graft. If left to grow, the new tree will have the characteristics of the root stock tree, not the grafted stock. Such suckers should be removed when they appear. Certain species of trees typically propagate themselves through this type of reproduction, and suckers are also common on them. Privet and hazel trees are two such species. Here, too, suckers are considered invasive  and should be removed. Left unattended, suckers can gradually overtake a yard.   A watersprout is a form of shoot that originates above ground,  on the trees trunk or branches at the location of latent bud tissues. Watersprouts are very likely to arise in response to pruning or damage to the tree, such as branches broken off in storms. They are undesirable because the tissues in a watersprouts are not as strong as normal branches. In fruit trees, watersprout branches normally produce little, if any, fruit.   Sucker sprouts and water sprouts can sometimes provide clues to a  trees health. Both types of sprouts may indicate that there is injury or dead wood above the level of the sprouts. This is likely when a tree without a history of such sprouting begins to send out suckers and watersprouts. They are a compensatory mechanism, an attempt by the tree for to find vigor when it is not being provided by other vegetation.   How to Remove Suckers and Watersprouts It is best to remove suckers and watersprouts immediately. These shoots  divert energy from upper growth on the tree, and removing them will promote development  of the upper greenery. Suckers and watersprouts  can also quickly ruin the aesthetic appearance  of a tree.  Ã‚   Some care should be taken when removing suckers and watersprouts  to ensure clean edges. Tearing away sprouts can leave ragged edges where bacterial or fungus can take hold, so cutting them away with sharp tools is a better strategy.   Mix one part bleach and 10 parts water in a bucket.Dip your hand pruner or lopping shares into the bleach solution to sterilize the blades.  Cut away the sprout with the blade held at a 45- to 60-degree angle, as close as possible to the trunk, tree branch, or tree base. The goal is to cut inside any bud areas where new sprouts might emerge. Take care not to damage the trunk or main branch.   Where suckers or watershoots are extremely  prevalent, or when they appear suddenly on a tree with no history of them, it may indicate a major problem with the tree.  Removal of the tree  may be your only solution when suckers are too numerous. You will then need to apply a brush killer to control the sprouts that may come up from the remaining stump.

Is Russia a Democratic State under Putin Research Proposal

Is Russia a Democratic State under Putin - Research Proposal Example In Russia however, since the end of the era of Stalin, which was clearly dictatorial and totalitarian, the succeeding governments through their rule have not demonstrated democracy in a clear manner. Putin has come under sharp criticism from the international fraternity regarding his governance approach in Russia. It thus becomes hard to tell whether or not Russia is a democratic state under Putin. Therefore, it is important to conduct a study in an attempt to address this uncertainty. This study will mainly focus on the situation of Russia under the leadership of Putin with regard to its adoption of democracy. Democracy is however a broad term thus will need to be broken down for effective analysis. In this regard therefore, it becomes important to adopt an analytical framework. In this case therefore, the analysis of level of democracy in Russia under Putin will be based on the 2004 UN General Assembly’s seven principles of democracy. The state of Russia will thus be analyse d based on its performance in (i) the separation and balance of power (ii) independence of the judiciary (iii) a pluralistic system of political parties and organizations (iv) the rule of law (v) accountability and transparency (vi) freedom of the media, and (vii) respect for political rights (Meyer-Resende 2011, 5). If the results show that the country performs well in all these seven areas, it will be indicative of its high level of democracy. On the other hand, if results show that the country performs poorly in these areas, it will indicate that the country is not democratic. The issue of democracy in Russia has been a major area of interest for many scholars of Political Science as well as different international organizations and the world at large. This is mainly because of the position of Russia and the contribution it makes to the world economy among other areas.

A Modest Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

A Modest Proposal - Essay Example The majority of the people who were born in Ireland were Roman Catholics and they used to work as labors of agriculture or tenant farmers. The owners of the land known as landlords required a high compensation for leasing their land. These landlords were usually Protestants and were considered to be the ruling class. The majority of them were not the natives of Ireland by birth nor did they use to live over there permanently. If some labors lost the job they were doing, their position in a job was soon taken over by the other people who are poor living there. Ireland, at that time had the same level of starvation as it can be seen in today’s third world countries along with no social security system. Swift’s â€Å"Modest Proposal†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s beginning is based upon the real poverty of the people living in Ireland. Swift presented this pamphlet in a sympathetic manner, but provided the facts and details which indicated an excessive population beyond the capacity of the farmers. mentioned about selling children for slavery as a possibility of living, but is against this as nobody will ever buy children who are younger than twelve years of age rather than being against for this possibility due to its cruelty and wrongness.

Applied management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied management accounting - Essay Example Furthermore, since its NPV of $20,149.83 is greater than the NPV of Machine 2 therefore we will give it a higher priority because of higher NPV. This equipment has a payback period of 3 years and 11 months therefore it lags behinds in terms of recovering the initial capital expenditure than Machine 2 or Machine 3. However, the payback period is not the ultimate criterion in accepting and rejecting projects therefore we will first look at this project’s NPV. This project has the highest NPV of $169,311.58 therefore we will invest in this Machine as it has the power to add greatest value to the company. However, this is the most risky project as the larger cash flows will be generated during the long-term which are most of the time difficult to exactly predict due to uncertainty. The Net Present Value Method takes into account the time value of the money plus it also determines how much of the wealth will be added to the company’s net worth. Or we can say that it gives us an idea of the profitability of the project The payback period calculates how much time it would take the project to recover the capital expenditure invested in the project. It is useful when the time horizon is short as it becomes vital to know how quickly the investment will be recovered. The payback period does not incorporate the time value of money. Another inherent flaw in this method is that it does not take into account the future cash flows which will be available after the initial expenditure has been

The Global Journey In The Sin Dejar Huella Media Essay

The Global Journey In The Sin Dejar Huella Media Essay Sin dejar huella (Without Leaving a Trace, 2000) is a film written and directed by Marà ­a Novaro. It is based on a journey undertaken by two female fugitives Ana and Aurelia travelling along the back roads of Mexico from Ciudad Juà ¡rez to Cancà ºn. Sin dejar huella is similar to Novaros other film productions: it is structured around a physical, objective journey and Novaro makes clear allusions and references to the melodramatic themes of motherhood, female friendship and invisible male figures in contemporary Mexico. Sin dejar huella belongs to the niche genre of the womens road movie and has triggered comparisons with Ridley Scotts tragicomic feminist road movie Thelma and Louise (1991). Cohan and Hark outline the road movie as representing a questà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦for a better life, a new social order, or fulfilment.  [1]  However, the journey across Mexico in Novaros feature film transcends the conventional spiritual quest of finding yourself and Bildungsroman as associated with this movie genre. It differentiates itself from the melodramatic undertones of her earlier film productions and the lightheartedness of Scotts 1991 feature specifically through the interplay of amalgamating elements from the cultures of different regions  [2]   the local and global influences and behaviour in Mexico through which Novaro addresses her socio-political concerns of poverty, social neglect, globalisation and the pace of modernity. In this respect, certain parallels can be drawn between Sin dejar huella and Dennis Hoppers Easy Rider (1969) in which, as one critic points out: The search for America undertaken by Captain America and his sidekick Billy is not geographical, it is literally a quest to find out where Americas head is at. The people and places represented in that quest are evocative of different states of consciousness co-existing unpeacefully in this country and all over the world. Each stop on the road is an encounter with a different awareness of what is real and what is of value. Novaro uses the velocity of the high speed chase in the narrative to ignite the film from within, effectively creating a momentum through which she engages the audience and, similar to Hoppers 1969 feature, enters an incisive discourse to find out exactly where Mexicos head is at. This essay is an attempt to investigate Sin dejar huella within the context of the glocal  [3]  ; focusing on the mise en scà ¨ne and the characterisation of the protagonists, I will consider how aspects of the local, regional and global or the micro-meso-macro are pooled together to generate an image of contemporary Mexico. More specifically, I will analyse the changing roles of Ana and Aurelia and the development of camaraderie between the two initially polarised characters as they progress through their journey: I will attempt to draw a correlation between the local and global influences they confront and are forced to adapt to, in particular from their positions as women living on the margins of Mexican society, and how this leads to a level of co-dependency and a drive for the formation of their relationship, representative of a creation of a new identity in Mexico. Firstly, it is significant to consider the influences and reasons for Novaros interplay with the local and global in Sin dejar huella, and how they enable the film to explore aspects of globalisation in Mexico. Mexicos entry into NAFTA  [4]  in 1994 and President Salinas de Gortaris free-market policies led to a fall in national film production and distribution. Subsequently, agreements and alliances were established between Spanish and Mexican production companies in the late 1990s with the aim to fortalecer los lazos de coloboracià ³n  [5]   to locally produce films and television programmes (where it would have been cheaper) and extend their reach beyond the national, and towards regional and global markets. The preconditions of these agreements were to incorporate Mexicans and Spaniards at the level of both cast and crew, generally in proportion to the percentage of funding offered by each country  [6]   essentially an obligatory interplay and exchange between the lo cal and the global. Sin dejar huella was part of this new wave of transnational cinema production: it was co-produced by Mexicos AltaVista Films and Spains Tornasol Films, and Aitana Sà ¡nchez-Gijà ³n a widely recognised Spanish-Italian and Hollywood film actress  [7]   was cast as the female co-protagonist in the film. The representation of distinct upbringings and ways of life in Spain and Mexico are underlined through the mise-en-scà ¨ne, characterisation, and the cooperation between the two protagonists in Sin dejar huella, which relate to the idea that the interplay between the local and the global stems from the preconditioned film production requirements and transnational influences. From the outset of the narrative, the costume and the dià ¡logos humorà ­sticos  [8]  between Ana and Aurelia draw immediate attention to their differing local and global consumer attitudes: Ana wears luxury Western designer accessories, such as high-heeled sandals, a Longines watch and Gucci sunglasses which are emphasised in repeated medium frame talking head shots. Aurelia, conversely, wears cowboy boots relating to the traditional outfit of the Mexican vaquero and has neither heard of these global brands, nor recognises their monetary value: she comically mistakes Gucci for Fuchi and exchanges the Long ines watch for only enough money to buy a telephone call-card. As the narrative progresses, it is significant to note that the women share and barter their clothes and accessories. The economic and information exchange between Spain and Mexico and the establishment of friendly ties between the two countries in the film production, and also represented in the on-screen local-global trade could in fact be a constructive and encouraging image of Mexicos entry into global economic activity. However, although the incorporation of Sà ¡nchez-Gijà ³n was a mere compliance with the conditions of co-producing, and the economic activity in the narrative representative of a progressive image of the Mexico-Spain film alliance, a close cinematographic analysis of the maturity of Ana and Aurelias relationship, and the shifting image of what it means to be a Mexican woman would reveal that the interplay between the local and the global transcends these practical factors. The doll is a widely recognised and iconic symbol of the feminine ideal; it is a beautifully constructed, motionless object that is subject to gaze and adoration. In the opening ten minutes of Sin dejar huella both Ana and Aurelia break away from this anachronistic and illusory symbols of Mexican femininity in the physical destruction of doll figurines: for Ana it is a ceramic figure of dama de Kolpecà ©, una tejedora, figura de Jaina del periodo clasico maya  [9]  she was exporting as a replica Mayan artefact to the Museum of Denver, Colorado; for Aurelia it is the bride figurine from her wedding cake and under which she had stashed cocaine for her narcotraficante boyfriend. Despite the physical exterior of the figurines a bride and a weaver it is the interior of the figurines are the sources of their corruption that have led them to embark on this quest the drugs and the forgery what the women have to resort to/ the realities of life as a woman in Mexico despite the education and (what appears to be) a stable marriage life on the margins is and are the factors that have driven them to embark on this quest to find out that what is actually contained within the dolls (for Ana it is a Mexican peso and in Aurelia ´s case, drugs), Destruction of what the doll represents and evocative of their search to find a new alternative definition of femininity in contemporary Mexico, albeit perhaps a broken and less defined image. This journey away from the expectations of womanhood that they have essentially been forced to conform to by default is exemplified in the road sign No hay retorno since there is effectively no turning back; Ana and Aurelia had to break this image, showing almost a progressive image and a development. Before the women have even met each other in the narrative they are united The physical destruction of the dolls as the towards achieving their liberation is representative of the journey these women will undertake as they continue through the journey across Mexico This dichotomy the two women face between subserving the image and breaking away to achieving exactly what they want, serves as a vehicle towards the formation of their friendship and an establishment of their co-dependency. In every scene in which their friendship is developed the fundamental human needs are brought to the forefront, despite the local-global differences that surround them: When Aurelia witnesses Ana drinking water from a public fountain, Aurelia is shocked and offers to buy her bottled water. It is ironic in their reversal of attitudes and financial situations: Ana is the more globalised traveller, yet is faced with a situation in which she cannot pay for a basic human requirement, Aurelia, a woman who has grown up working in the sweat-shops of Northern Mexico ironically is aware of the problems of drinking tap-water. It is at this moment that a level of dependency arises from Ana onto Aurelia. This dependency that emerges is particularly significant in reference to Aurelia ´s mocking comment in the car Loz ezpaà ±olez hablan azà ­, emphasising the lisp common in Spanish speech, which draws attention to their global differences. This dependency is transformed into a friendship between the two women as witnessed at the Playa Paraà ­so where a sign embedded in the sand which reads Sà ³lo se encuentran amigos aquà ­ is focussed on and the women subsequently bathe in the sea water. Their physical immersion into the water perhaps could be inferred as a religious imagery of soul cleansing or baptism or the two women united by the water, a vital ingredient for life, and an element that is necessary for all regardless of their race or nationality. This visual imagery is significant in Novaro ´s interplay between the local and the global because the sea is the factor that connects the local and the global, national and international altogether not solely in a conceptual manner but also geographically. This concept of the connection between nations through water (*) is represented in the scene that motivates Aurelia to embark on the journey itself in which she watches a man (like Ana and Aurelia) take of his clothes and cross a river to El Paso, Texas. The notion of water as an immersing factor in representing the ability to cross / traverse across onto a new, better world is also what differentiates the women when confronted by borders each women reacts differently as a result of their upbringing and where they essentially originate from. Ana, as a  ´globe-trotter, having lived, worked and loved in many countries confronts borders as a means of surviving financially she trades false Mayan artefacts to the Museum of Denver, America. Aurelia, conversely, views borders as a liberating factor: a chance to improve her lifestyle and provide her children with the opportunity for a better life. The relationships with men are significant factors that differentiate the women Ana ´s characterisation as a femme fatale as emphasised by the mise-en-scene in her dress is chased by a lecherous cop, Mendizabal : he smells her hair and almost fetishises his search for her, and in fact his hunt for her is like him wanting a foreign woman as a trophy to hang up. Ana is somewhat feared by men as a result of her education and her dress. Their relationship with men Ana and Mendizabel goes beyond the femme fatale as her costume would suggest she does not want to use her beauty, charm or sexual allure to ensnare Mendizabel She does however torture her lover denying confirmation of her affection and driving him to the point of obsession and exhaustion so that he is incapable of making rational decisions it ultimately leads to his death he is killed by the wrong person She is in fact feared by Mendizabal Aurelia and BILLY AND JUANITO even her sexual relationship is with a 19year old boy Her relationship with men is reflected on to youth of mexico perhaps a progressive image of Mexico? Education of Juanito Sex scene he goes for her breasts nurturing mother Aurelia is the madre coraje will risk anything for her children using the traditional methods of education, good-schooling ensuring change, Juanito holds strong morals Heralclio Chuc progressive image of Mexico heading towards globalisation and a romanticised image of the past vs. the irony of the indigenous culture still existing within the forces of global.. Margins of society left out and the irony that they have tore-create their roots/ portray themselves as existing in the past attempt to regenerate their history (illegally) In an interview with Fernando Brenner, Novaro stated that: Querà ­a mostrar un Mà ©xico muy contrastante: el sur y el norte. Y dos mujeres muy diferentes. Ademà ¡s una de ellas tenà ­a que tener mà ¡s capacidad para ver a Mà ©xico, precisamente por no ser mexicana. Ése fue mi punto de partida, y una sensacià ³n que tengo no me siento mexicana en la zona Yucatà ¡n, como le pasa a muchos mexicanos, pues estamos en la regià ³n maya. Y sea que esa vivencia, la de ser una extranjera en mi patria, convive con mi encanto por estar en mi paà ­s. Foreign influence in Mexico Road movie genre inexorably transcultural The movement in the movie itself parallels this shifting image of Mexico Last paragraph the image of a changing mexico isnt negative a progressive image of the change and that the foreign influence isnt always going to be negative However, despite the fast-pace change of modernity/ global influence, there is still a level of humanity this doesnt change Ana steals the money but brings it back, mariachi band at the end she remembers Survival basic human needs they converge in this respect because they both rely on each other/ are dependent on each other food, drinking, sleep

Canto 8 of Dante’s Inferno Essay -- Dantes Inferno Essays

In recent discussions of Canto 8 of Dante’s Inferno, many scholars have argued about Dante the pilgrim’s controversial abuse of one of the wrathful sinners of the fifth circle, Filippo Argenti. The altercation between the two is viewed in numerous lights. From one perspective it is seen as unjustified (ira mala) because Dante is seen as guilty of the sin being punished for in this circle, but also because his response was wrongly motivated. Others state that Dante’s anger was righteous (ira bona) because there was proper reasoning behind it. Kleinhenz, one particular scholar, argues that Dante’s outburst at Filippo Argenti is a result of the praise Dante received after initially criticizing the sinner. In his book, Inferno 8: The Passage Across the Styx, he maintains that Virgil’s praise â€Å"is perhaps wrongly motivated and consequently, that Dante’s reaction to Fillipo Argenti in this canto is equally erroneous†. Kleinhenz allude s to this point in his interpretation of Luke 11:27, where a woman who is praising Jesus is correct in her exaltation of the Mother and Son, but her praise is inappropriate to the situation. By analyzing the parallels between Virgil’s praise and the biblical verse, Kleinhenz argues that both Virgil and Dante’s actions are inappropriate and therefore ira mala. John A. Scott, however, views Dante’s outburst as being justified. In his book,Understanding Dante, Scott argues that Florence was very much a part of Dante’s life and that Filippo Argenti was an ostentatious man whose â€Å"arrogance and insolent display of wealth† as well as â€Å"corrupt nature† is viewed synonymously with Florence’s decline. Therefore Scott argues that Dante’s rage was appropriate because it was inspired by the new decadence of Fl... ...is anger can be viewed as ira bona and ira mala simultaneously. Wishing further pain upon Argenti in order to receive further praise from his mentor is an unreasonable excuse, but trying to become a better pupil and person by doing as his mentor says is reasonable. Becoming furious as a human instinct is rational, whereas doling out punishments while you are only a human is not. Dante did not react to the sinner in the way that he did for only one reason, instead he had many reasons to respond as he did. Works Cited Alghieri, Dante. Inferno. New York: Oxford UP, 1996. Print. John A. Scott’s Understanding Dante, Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, 2004 (210-11) Kleinhenz, Christopher. â€Å"Inferno 8: The Passage Across the Styx.† Lectura Dantis. Brown University. No. 3 Fall 1988 21 pars: 21 Sept. 2009 .

Reaction Paper-Non-Fiction Essay

Having traveled a great deal since birth, partly due to my father being in the Air Force and the rest is blamed on some gypsy spirit residing deep within, much of Gretel Ehrlich’s story, â€Å"About Men† resonated with me. I understood her loneliness for places once visited, and the need to find solace in the now places as she did while on the New York Subway searching for posters of Cowboy’s. â€Å"What I am aching to see is horseflesh, a glint of spur, a line of distant mountains, brimming creeks, and a reminder of the ranchers and cowboys I’ve ridden with for the last eight years† (Ehrlich, 1985). In contrast, for me personally, is Joan Didion’s memoire of a woman that has a lot of time at â€Å"home† and is clearly unhappy with how she must live out her days. Home can mean many things to people, after all is it a unique and subjective experience that only we can appreciate-good or bad. In these stories I read each woman seems to de fine â€Å"home† as an entirely different existence, though they are both lonely, drifting through life in the places they must now call home. Even though Greta was not born on a ranch, she felt a connection to the ranch life so strongly that she decided to live among them for eight years. Greta felt a kinship to the cowboy’s she lived with so deeply that writing about them became more than a hobby or pastime. She felt the need to set the world and society right on the stereotypes and bent visions of those who roamed the Western sky. Greta reminds me of a big sister standing up to bullies who are bringing down her best friends. When she says, â€Å"Such ideas have perverted manliness into a self-absorbed race for cheap thrills† (Ehrlich, 1985, p. 83) it is obvious to me she is offended greatly by societies depiction of the Cowboy and feels the need to defend the disesteemed character of him. Joan Didion writes, â€Å"And the nameless anxiety colored the emotional charges between me and the place that I came from† (Didion, 1967). Obviously there is great deal of conflict for Joan as she tries to give her daughter a â€Å"home† that she once had with her parents and constantly struggles with her desire to be at her parent’s home where she had felt happy and content. Living with her husband and daughter she seems lost, and homesick, even though she is much older. In Joan’s story we, the reader, must at times read between the lines, as Joan is not entirely clear on some points. Like when she says she is tired of her parent’s dusty house and dusty lifestyle. Also, I felt that Joan was dealing with an identity complex, not really knowing how to be in her own home, especially when she felt such a longing to be back with her parents. Her husband even felt this rift and Joan writes about it stating, â€Å"My husband likes my family but is uneasy in their house, because once there I fall into their ways, which are difficult, oblique, deliberately inarticulate, not my husband’s waysà ¢â‚¬  (Didion, 1967). The sad truth is that Joan feels trapped in her parents’ home though she has long since moved from there on to her own home. She muses, â€Å"That I am trapped in this particular irrelevancy is never more apparent to me than when I am home† (Didion, 1967). Joan then reflects on what kind of home her baby will receive from her, and what kind of mother will she be. I believe, as parents, we can all relate to these feelings of adequacy and wonder which is at least one area I feel connected to Joan and her story. Joan states quite boldly, â€Å"Paralyzed by the neurotic lassitude engendered by meeting one’s past at every turn, around every corner, inside every cupboard I go aimlessly from room to room† (Didion, 1967). Never alluding to a home full of abuse, trauma or otherwise it seems that Joan is really struggling with her childhood, that has naturally extended into her adulthood and somehow has become lost in translation. I can’t help but wonder why so much negativity surrounds her description of â€Å"home†- â€Å"paralyzed, aimlessly, neurotic- those are very powerful words Joan uses to describe a home she misses and I feel confused. Gretel lives away from the ranch but longs to return, even attempting throughout her day to find solace, â€Å"When I am in New York but feeling lonely for Wyoming I look for the Marlboro ads in the subway† (Ehrlich, 1985, p. 82). Rather than missing a small family unit as Joan does her mother and father, Gretel has encompassed a lifestyle and called it â€Å"home†. She creates a stoic image of men who possess physical prowess, and a tireless heart. Writing, â€Å"For the most part his work is done on horseback and in a lifetime he sees and comes to know more animals than people† (Ehrlich, 1985, p. 83). She describes the Cowboy as having a â€Å"toughness and interior fragility† which contradicts what society has depicted of the American Cowboy as being â€Å"tough as nails, and lacking emotion†. In comparison, â€Å"home† to Joan was hallways, rooms, doors and dust that accumulated on century old furniture, while â€Å"home† to Gretel was a western sky, herd of cattle, men with hearts of gold and the woman who loved them. Gretel was more involved with the plight of the Cowboy, and Joan was consumed with her place in this world away from her parents’ home. It seems that Gretel is creating her own vision of the Cowboy on her terms, by what she witnessed on one ranch in Wyoming. Claiming it is the â€Å"geographical vastness and social isolation† that makes the Cowboy hard to hold and even harder to love going so far as to state, â€Å"They lack the vocabulary to express the complexity of what they feel† (Ehrlich, 1985, p. 84). Perhaps Gretel felt the need to be the voice for the American Cowboy, and a strong sensitive one at that. Is it possible that she created the Cowboy in her mind the way she wanted them to be, even admitting in her story that they were â€Å"standoffish and formal† (Ehrlich, 1985, p. 84) while claiming they are impulsive, passionate and intuitive. It seems contradictory, perhaps she is still learning too. And does Joan really miss her parents and their dusty old house or is she merely unsatisfied with her new marriage and new home? Is it perhaps easier to go backwards than forward, in an effort to free yourself from any responsibility? When Joan writes, â€Å"There is nothing like seeing a thing you know was meaningful to you once and is now empty and wondering† (Didion, 1967)- what was all that for? I can’t help but wonder. Here she is, a woman with a child of her own grasping for emotions of the past rather than working on building new memories with her new family. That was most frustrating for me, but possibly because I did not have a home growing up and I married early, glad to get away from the daily strife my parents created on a regular basis. It seemed absurd to me to constantly go back to those days and reflect, let alone long for them. Honestly, I don’t believe there was a week that passed my mother wasn’t wasted and my father wasn’t beating her up. Because of these moments in time I have learned to be thankful for the beautiful life I have surrounded myself in, determined to break every cycle of abuse, neglect and addiction. Maybe Joan needed a reason to go on, to find herself in the new. And maybe Gretel found a bit of herself in the ranches of the west- The old and the new, the real and the perceived it is all relative I suppose. These selections are Non-Fiction due to the fact that the women wrote firsthand accounts of their experiences. Gretel wrote about the â€Å"football-field-sized lambing sheds† and recited a bit of history when she said, â€Å"many of the men who came to the West were Southerners-men looking for work and a new life after the Civil War† (Ehrlich, 1985, p. 84). Joan’s visit home â€Å"is made palpable† as she recites her experience in the present tense. It is easy for me to use my imagination as each writer sets the scene; Gretel in the Wild West and Joan in the East and the California West. I can envision myself on a horse, riding the range, pulling calves and holding baby lambs as Gretel’s story winds its way across the wide open plains. Similarly, I am planted into Joan’s childhood home walking the halls, smelling the dank air, and looking inside cupboards that hold antique plates and bowls. The author’s use of imagery is sensational, and makes for an easy and enjoyable read. I can envision Joan’s sense of confusion when upon describing her home of childhood from her now home, she says, â€Å"It is a vital although troublesome distinction† (Didion, 1967, p. 164). So, in attempting to explain the distinction between the homes, she creates a troublesome tone. She takes me to her parent’s home quite easily as she goes about describing the â€Å"Canton dessert plates and assay scales† (Didion, 1967, .p. 164). Because my life did not hold the same truths as Joan’s I find it hard to relate to her longing for home. But I do relate when she states the importance of creating a home for her daughter who is having a birthday, and the reason she had come home at all. She writes, â€Å"She is an open and trusting child, unprepared for and unaccustomed to the ambushes of family life, and perhaps it is just as well that I can offer her little of that life. I would like to give her more† (Didion, 1967, p. 167). How many times have I said this very same thing about my own children? In conclusion, I found both of these stories to be very intriguing and enjoyable to read. Both of these women are obviously very passionate about their relationships in life and both have a need to express, and to protect those who reside there. Because I am from the state of Wyoming Gretel’s story deeply resonated with me, as I too have fallen in love with the Old West and its beautiful country and the Cowboy Code. And often when feeling lonely for my Wyoming, while residing in a small beach town in Maryland, I too search the landscape for a glimpse of Western wonder in a billboard, or a sign, perhaps in the smile of a stranger as I secretly hope for a tip of his hat and a â€Å"howdy ma’am.† As Gretel would say, â€Å"their strength is also a softness, their toughness, a rare delicacy (Ehrlich, 1985, p. 85). And I would say from experience, a delicacy indeed. References Didion, J. (1967)., Slouching towards bethlehem. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux Ehrlich, G. (1985)., The solace of open spaces., New York, NY: Viking Penguin, Inc.

How I compare to Neil in Dead Poets Society

How I compare to Neil in Dead Poets Society In Dead Poet's society, a handful of students discover through the teachings of their English teacher Mr. Keating what kinds of lives they had been leading, and what their lives could be. One student in particular, Neil Perry, discovers a whole new world and his life once and for all changed as a result of the impact of his association with Mr. Keating. The lives of all the boys were drastically changed the day they met Mr. KeatingIn this essay I will try to make a connection with the main character Neil Perry and Myself. I will try to interpret any parallels between Neil and I.'Carpe Diem' he told them. 'Seize the day, make you lives extraordinary.' With these few words, Mr. Keating opened the minds of his students to the broad possibilities that life held for them. He taught them not only with textbooks but with visual hands on learning.English: Paul Keating in 2007.The boys learned that they deserved more than the daily routine, that they were not satisfied with living up to the e xpectations of others. As a result, they re-established the Dead Poet's society, and thus experienced what they had been protected from previously. He realized what his dreams were, and to accomplish them, he had to do something he had never dared to do in the past, disregard the will of his father. Mr. Keating had encouraged him to do what his heart wanted not what his father had told him to do.. Neil's life was drastically changed as a result of his meeting with Mr. Keating, from a life dedicated to school, to a life dedicated to living. He realized that his dream was to be an actor, and that acting gave him happiness and hope he never had before. The greatest impact...

Free Essays on Bill Fords Long Hard Road

Bill Ford’s Long, Hard Road In the article Bill Ford’s Long, Hard Road Home, Kathleen Kerwin discusses the problems that have been plaguing the Ford Motor Company over the past view years. She particularly focuses on William Clay Ford Jr. and the changes that have been intact since he took the ob of CEO of the auto giant. His plan is to return the Ford Motor brand back into one of the premier auto companies in the world. So far as CEO the company’s profits are up and there have been no recalls. There has also been an increase in the quality and productivity of the vehicles produced in Europe. As far as stakeholders in the company, the employees love Bill Ford. When Bill Ford took the job as CEO some of the employees gave him a standing ovation. Although William Clay Ford’s tenure looks promising right now, there are still some bumps in the road. For one, the company has a bad history with its suppliers. This relationship may be healed in time due to Bill Ford’s commitment t o improve the corporation. Another problem stems from environmentalists claims that the company isn’t doing enough for the environment. As we speak, the Ford Motor Company is testing a new Japanese technology that improves fuel economy in cars. With the odds stacked against him William Clay Ford Jr. is sure to have some failures. Hopefully, he has the vision and planning that his great grandfather had in order to turn the declining Ford brand back to dominance.... Free Essays on Bill Ford's Long Hard Road Free Essays on Bill Ford's Long Hard Road Bill Ford’s Long, Hard Road In the article Bill Ford’s Long, Hard Road Home, Kathleen Kerwin discusses the problems that have been plaguing the Ford Motor Company over the past view years. She particularly focuses on William Clay Ford Jr. and the changes that have been intact since he took the ob of CEO of the auto giant. His plan is to return the Ford Motor brand back into one of the premier auto companies in the world. So far as CEO the company’s profits are up and there have been no recalls. There has also been an increase in the quality and productivity of the vehicles produced in Europe. As far as stakeholders in the company, the employees love Bill Ford. When Bill Ford took the job as CEO some of the employees gave him a standing ovation. Although William Clay Ford’s tenure looks promising right now, there are still some bumps in the road. For one, the company has a bad history with its suppliers. This relationship may be healed in time due to Bill Ford’s commitment t o improve the corporation. Another problem stems from environmentalists claims that the company isn’t doing enough for the environment. As we speak, the Ford Motor Company is testing a new Japanese technology that improves fuel economy in cars. With the odds stacked against him William Clay Ford Jr. is sure to have some failures. Hopefully, he has the vision and planning that his great grandfather had in order to turn the declining Ford brand back to dominance....

Online Store Popularity vs. Retail Outlets Research Paper

Online Store Popularity vs. Retail Outlets - Research Paper Example How to target consumers buying over the internet and how to make online store fruitful? The chief objective of the research is to estimate and inspect the consequences and decide is it worthy of time and effort when opening an online store (Laura, 2011). Online shopping turned out to be widely held 10 years ago. 94 percent of Americans use PCs for individual purposes. Nearly two-thirds have "a great level of dependency†. Nearly 70 percent of Americans shop online and 88 percent of that number has shopped online to some degree in the previous six months. Profits for products bought online now average over and above $34 billion annually, up to 500 percent further from the year 1999. According to a website which gives people a lot of discount vouchers, â€Å"The highest percentage of both men (77 percent) and women (68 percent) shop online in the mornings before lunch. Top level professional males and females prefer to shop at night. Stay-at-home moms tend to shop in the mid-afte rnoon, perhaps during nap time† The research also states that twenty-nine percent of males and 30 percent of females said their picks are "recurrently" inclined by online ads while 43 percent say choices are "from time to time" swayed. For this research, the use of random sampling method will be employed, since every living person has an equal right of being carefully chosen. The objective is to define the age group as well as gender from the people who purchase online. Likewise, the aim is to determine how repeatedly people shop online and what is the attractiveness of online shopping, and similarly to observe the most repeatedly bought products online. Literature Review Referring to an article by Gerald & Trifts (2003; n.p.), it is evident that a distinctive characteristic of online shopping is that they permit sellers to form retail crossing point with extremely intricate communication types. One looked-for method of interactivity from a customer viewpoint is putting into p ractice refined tools to help customers in their buying choices by adapting the electronic shopping environment to their separate preferences. The most important objective of this paper is to explore the environment of special effects that communication decision supports may have on customer choice-making in online shopping environment. Although while making buying-choices, customers are every so often incapable to assess all accessible substitutes in great deepness and, as a consequence, have a habit of using two-stage procedures to influence their judgments. At the major phase, customers naturally monitor a great set of offered goods and categorize a subcategory of the most auspicious substitutions. Afterwards, they appraise the latter with more gravity, carry out comparative judgments across goods on significant qualities, and make a buying choice. The two interactive tools used: RA (Recommendation Agent) and CM (Comparison Matrix) are used in the first and second stage respectiv ely. In conclusion the major findings by the two authors put forward are that the communication tools, used to support customers in the early selection of accessible substitutes and to assist in-depth judgments among carefully chosen substitutes in an online shopping environs, may have strong promising effects on both the superiority and the good organization of buying decisions-shoppers; this can make much improved choices by buyers who can spend considerably less energy this

India's global success in the film industry Essay

India's global success in the film industry - Essay Example Cinema is a major industry in India. A film industry uses many technological and commercial institutions of film making. A Cinema or a film industry depicts the culture and the art of a country in the movie that it usually make, the Indian film industry is famous for its distinguished melodrama style of film making. The Indian film industry is multi lingual. The main language used in the films of India is either Hindi or Urdu, besides these languages there are other languages such as Punjabi, Marathi, Bengali, etc that are used to present film and they target their respective language speakers. The Indian film industry in famously known as †Bollywood†, this name is an amalgamation of Bombay (the previous name used for the Indian city of Mumbai) and the ever popular Hollywood (a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California where the American cinema exists). (Bollywood History) Cinema made its first step into the Indian subcontinent in the year 1896 when Lumiere Brothers cinematograph film was screened in the city of Bombay on 7th July, 1986. This day, the concept of cinema was introduced in the Indian subcontinent but the initial silent film â€Å"Raja Harishchandra† (made by Indians totally) was released in 1913 to mark the start of the great Indian cinema. With this film, a trend of mythological and religious films took over the concept of film making in the Indian film Industry and this was further revolutionized in 1931 with the inception of sound in the first talking Indian film â€Å"Alam Ara†. The period after India’s independence was considered to be the golden era of the Indian film industry with respect to the songs, movies, etc made in the Indian film industry, by the 1970s and the 80s era, the Indian film industry had reached a great height and global recognition. In 1992, this global recognition was further enhanced in 19 92 when Satyajit Ray, an Indian filmmaker received a life time achievement Oscar for his excellent work and the

The woman warrior by maxine hong kingston Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The woman warrior by maxine hong kingston - Essay Example This story is evocative of Chinese patriarchy and a society where a woman in a socially undesirable position finds everything being stripped away from her, including her identity, so that when Kingston’s mother tells her the story, she informs her daughter that â€Å"We say that your father has all brothers because it is as if she had never been born† (Kingston 1). Such is the harsh fate that meets women and her mother uses this story as a basis to caution her daughter against sexual indiscretion, for it is not the man who must suffer the consequences, but the woman. There is no attempt made by anyone in her family to even consider that the aunt could have been a victim of rape or a passionate sexual individualist as Kingston imagines - instead, the villagers attack her family home and humiliate her to the point where her life becomes unbearable and she finally kills herself. The section of the book titled â€Å"White Tigers† is one of the best stories indicating the dichotomy in the treatment accorded to women as opposed to men. Kingston narrates the old Chinese saying which states that â€Å"when fishing for treasures in the flood, be careful not to pull in girls’, because that is what one says about daughters, even when one is in America (Kingston 52). Her own family is no different, because they mouth the same words and prepare the same ink drawings of unwanted little girl babies being pushed down the river with long flood hooks. She remarks with irony that she has read in an anthropology book that the Chinese say â€Å"Girls are necessary too† (Kingston 52-53), but in her own experience, she has not found it to be so. The story of White Tigers is Kingston’s re-telling of the traditional story of the Chinese warrior, Fa Mu Lan, a woman who dons the guise of a man, creating a character who is not limited by the boundaries of her gender. She is a brave swordswoman, and Kingston’s writing brings her fighting skills to life in stunning visuals

Duckett family Essay Example for Free

Duckett family Essay The current trend of journalism organizations to hire â€Å"screaming journalists† like Nancy Grace and others is a disservice to the Fourth Estate and threatens the very notion of a free press. Grace and others of her ilk are not reporters seeking the news for its value to the general public nor are they attempting to inform. These confrontational entertainers are more interested in high ratings and controversary than in the news. Furthermore, their lack of general human compassion is endangering the entire profession. Never is this more clear than in the case of the family of Melinda Duckett vs. CNN and Nancy Grace. In September, 2006, Melinda Duckett’s two-year-old son was reported missing and Duckett agreed to appeared on Grace’s show in an effort to promote the manhunt for her missing child. Grace was belligerent and in the woman’s face, screaming at her because she would not discuss her whereabouts when the child disappeared and accusing the woman of having something to do with her child’s disappearance. (Smoking Gun, 2006). Duckett’s son has still not been found, but a day after the interview with Grace, the woman shot and killed herself with a shotgun. In the days following Duckett’s death, Grace not only aired the original interview berating the distraught woman, but she went on the nightly news herself, defending her interviewing techniques. â€Å"Former prosecutor turned talk show host Nancy Grace is unapologetic about her aggressive approach to a mother who committed suicide after an interview about the womans missing son,† ABC News reported (â€Å"Nancy Grace says ‘Guilt’). Grace showed no human compassion for the mother in the interview or in the days after her death. Drawing on her history as a criminal prosecutor, Grace attacked in a manner more appropriate for a courtroom than a newsroom. That is not to say that reporters should not ask tough questions, but they should not browbeat an interviewee and speak over them as is reported Grace did. Reporters have a responsibility to seek out the news not make it. In her attacks on Melinda Duckett, Nancy Grace went beyond the level and stepped back into her prosecutorial role, attempting to find the criminal. â€Å"How is that questioning doing anything but making a person in a desperate situation feeling even more desperate? said Hub Brown, a professor at Syracuse Universitys Newhouse School of Communications. â€Å" (ABC News) Grace defended her unrelenting questioning as a serach for truth and said police later agreed with her that Melinda Duckett is a suspect in her son’s disappearance. What police actually said was that in a child disappearance, the parents are always the initial suspect. Almost a year later, Duckett’s son has still not been found. What has happened, however, is that Grace has put all legitimate journalists in danger of having their rights revoked due to her drive for ratings. In November, 2006, the parents of Melinda Duckett filed a lawsuit against Grace, CNN and Duckett’s estranged husband who helped arrange the Grace interview (Smoking Gun). And, in June, 2007, a Florida court ruled that the case had merit and would be tried in federal court because the participants reside in multiple jurisdictions (â€Å"Ruling in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). By bringing this kind of unwanted spectacle to the media, Grace is causing a chilling effect that will lead to fewer people wanting to cooperate with the media and could ultimately lead to a restriction in the rights of journalists. Her lack of basic human compassion is more relevant than whether Melinda Duckett killed or abducted her own son. The role of the media is not to determine the truth, but to report that truth after it has been exhibited by others. While some investigative journalists might argue this point, the reality is that even investigative journalists do not draw their own conclusions about the news. They search for facts and report them. Nancy Grace took facts not in evidence and applied them to the Duckett case, making herself judge, jury and prosecutor of Melinda Duckett without giving Duckett the benefit of a defense attorney. Grace, however, insists her line of questioning was reasonable. â€Å"In an exclusive interview with Good Morning America today, Grace said that she takes no responsibility for Ducketts suicide. If anything, I would suggest that guilt made her commit suicide, Grace told ABC News Chris Cuomo. To suggest that a 15 or 20 minute interview can cause someone to commit suicide is focusing on the wrong thing, she said. â€Å" (ABC NEWS) Grace’s attitude in the wake of Duckett’s suicide is another black eye for the face of journalism. Her unapologetic accusations against the dead woman seemed to indicate that she believes her questioning was appropriate even if it did contribute to Duckett’s death. Her claim that â€Å"even the police agree with me† (ABC News), does little to redeem Grace in the eyes of the general public. Instead, she is seen as so concerned about her ratings that she would put them above human safety. That attitude seems to be in evidence on her webpage. Grace actually advertises for crime victims to call her show and become part of the entertainment value of the news (CNN. com) Though she places her calls for tips in the framework of helping crime victims seek justice, her show advocates her â€Å"Cross Exam† and her prosecutorial drive to find the answers to crime. If Ms. Grace believed that rooting out crime was her calling, she should not have left the prosecutors office for the media. Her style of â€Å"journalism† is an insult to those who attempt to keep the Fourth Estate free of bias and predetermined opinions. Instead, based on her experience, Grace makes judgments calls about people’s guilt as she did with Melinda Duckett and â€Å"reports† the news based on her interpretation of events. She had an exclusive interview with the mother of a missing child, a child police still presume to be alive. Instead of carefully crafter questions designed to help authorities and the general public find the missing boy, Grace decided that badgering Melinda Duckett would mean better ratings. For the sake of the industry, one can only hope that the Duckett family attorneys cannot prove that greed and not news was Grace’s motivation. If they prove that she sought ratings over the truth and therefore did contribute to the death of Melinda Duckett, the chilling effect on all media will be extreme. Her unreasonably harsh questioning methods place all media attempts to get to the truth in danger and violates the most basic tenet of the Fourth Estate: to inform. Nancy Grace has no intention to inform the general public of anything the day she interviewed Melinda Duckett except for her own conviction that Duckett was responsible for her son’s disappearance. This kind of action has no role in journalism, but belongs in editorial and opinion pages, not disguised as news. WORKS CITED ABCNews. com. Nancy Grace says ‘Guilt’ Likely Made Mother Commit Suicide† http://abcnews. go. com/GMA/story? id=2448050page=1 , June 24, 2007. Nancy Grace Homepage. http://www. cnn. com/CNN/Programs/nancy. grace/, June 24, 2007. â€Å"Ruling Made in Duckett-Grace Case† http://www. local6. com/news/13533994/detail. html? rss=orlpnpsp=news,, June 24, 2007. The Smoking Gun, â€Å"Nancy Grace Sued for Wrongful Death† http://www. thesmokinggun. com/archive/1121061grace1. html ,, June 24, 2007.